International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research ISSN - 2750-1396 Last Submission:- 25th of Every Month Frequency: 12 Issues per Year (Monthly) https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm https://zdb-katalog.de/title.xhtml?idn=1244864870
Psychosomatic Causes Of Cardiovascular Disorders
This article analyzes the changes related to the cardiovascular system, which are part of the group of psychosomatic diseases, their causes, methods of diagnosing the disease and their treatment. The study examines the causes and treatment methods of diseases of the cardiovascular system caused by psychological disorders, in particular, hypertension (high blood pressure), cardiac arrhythmias, myocardial infarction.
Copyright (c) 2025 Askarova Nargiza Abdivalievna, Fayzullaeva Sarvinoz Saydullaevna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Significance Of Training Data In Credit Risk Forecasting In Uzbekistan
The rapid development of Uzbekistan’s banking sector and the expansion of its credit portfolio have increased the need for more accurate methods of assessing and forecasting credit risks. This study examines the role and importance of training data in automated credit scoring systems within the context of the Uzbek financial market. The research analyzes how the quality, volume, and structure of training data affect the accuracy and reliability of credit risk forecasting models. It provides a comprehensive overview of data sources available to banks, including internal databases, credit bureau information, state registries, and alternative data such as mobile and utility records. The empirical methodology is based on machine learning techniques evaluated through AUC, precision, and F1-score metrics to assess the impact of data characteristics on model performance. The results show that the quality and completeness of training data critically influence forecasting accuracy. Major challenges identified in the Uzbek market include limited historical information, incomplete borrower data, class imbalance, and lack of standardized data collection processes. The research confirms that integrating alternative data sources can substantially enhance model performance. The practical significance of the study lies in providing recommendations to improve data quality through technical, organizational, and regulatory measures. These improvements are expected to increase the efficiency of automated credit scoring systems and contribute to reducing credit risk levels across Uzbekistan’s banking sector.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shukhratova M.I., Bekmirzaev O.N. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Modification Of Adhesive Application Equipment For Precise Glue Deposition On Leather Surfaces
The leather goods industry demands high precision in adhesive application to ensure product quality, durability, and aesthetic appeal. This study focuses on the modification of adhesive application equipment to achieve precise glue deposition on leather surfaces, particularly for narrow strips with unglued edges. The research analyzes existing adhesive application methods, proposes structural modifications to rollers and nozzles, and evaluates the economic and technical efficiency of the modifications. The proposed modifications include the incorporation of channeled rollers and profiled nozzles to ensure accurate glue application while minimizing adhesive waste. Experimental results demonstrate a 15–20% reduction in adhesive consumption and improved product quality. The findings provide practical recommendations for leather goods manufacturers aiming to enhance production efficiency and product standards.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muradov Akramjon Abdusattarovich, Umarov Adkham Akparalievich https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Nominal-To-Verbal Conversion In Chinese: Semantics And Structure
This study focuses on the process of converting nouns into verbs in Chinese, highlighting the syntactic and semantic mechanisms that govern this transformation. In Chinese, nouns gradually lose their referential function and argument structure while acquiring eventive, stative, and agentive properties. Light verbs play a crucial role by providing a syntactic framework that allows nouns to verbalize, sometimes passing through an intermediate adjectival stage before becoming full verbs. The process illustrates a semantic and syntactic continuum: nouns first function as predicates, then acquire adjectival or stative characteristics, and finally evolve into verbs. Examples from modern Chinese demonstrate how argument roles and semantic features are systematically restructured during this conversion. This study sheds light on the dynamic interaction between syntax and semantics in Chinese noun verbalization and contributes to understanding cross-linguistic mechanisms of grammaticalization.
Copyright (c) 2025 Inomzhonova M. I. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Study Of Hydrodynamic Characteristics Of The Film Layer In Rotary Filter Devices
The article presents the physico-chemical properties of the working fluid, the process of formation of the film layer, and the method of its calculation in the rotor-filter device that cleans dusty gases in a wet way. The change laws of the liquid film layer were studied in different parameters of absorbent liquid and variable factors (10%, 20%, 30% solution of sodium bicarbonate in water, diameter of the shutter hole 1mm, 2mm, 3mm and diameter of the filter material hole 2mm, 3mm, 4mm) supplied to the device. Comparative graphs on the dependence of the liquid consumption on the film thickness were built and empirical formulas that adequately represent the rent area were recommended. A correction factor is included in the calculation equation of the film layer formed on the working surface of the rotor-filter appapart filter.
Copyright (c) 2025 Isomidinov Azizjon Salomiddinovich, Muydinov Abdusamad Abduqayum ugli, Yunusov Khamidullo Akhmadaliyevich https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STANDARDIZATION OF SOLAR ENERGY TERMINOLOGY
Nowadays almost all countries are faced with the challenge of solving energy security problems and developing national strategies in the energy sector. The People's Republic of China is one of the largest energy producers and consumers as a country with more than one billion energy consumers. The development of energy production from alternative energy sources will increase the share of "Clean Energy" in China's energy structure, protect the environment, and the country will develop economically and socially. In China, it is important to further develop alternative energy, standardize industry terms in the construction of power plants and various electrical facilities. This article explains in detail why the standardization of terms is needed and how this process began. It is known that the field of terminology is constantly changing and enriching. Phenomena of polysemy, synonymy and homonymy occurring in terminology creates uncertainty in the practical application of terms and hinders the communication of specialists. In order to combat the diversity of terms, terminological standardization and unification is a very necessary process. Currently, standardization is carried out at four levels: international, national, regional and local.
Copyright (c) 2025 Azimova Sayyora Toshtemirovna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis Of Indicators Of Learning New Technologies And Technical Level And Efficiency
This article covers the study of new technologies, their technical level, innovative potential and assessment of performance indicators. The degree of automation of technological processes, energy efficiency, environmental safety and economic profitability are analyzed. The article also shows the advantages of introducing advanced technologies used in modern industry, ways to increase production efficiency using digital control systems, artificial intelligence and Internet networks. The results of the study justify the need for an integrated approach to the selection and implementation of new technologies in production processes.
Copyright (c) 2025 B.J. Khursanov https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Design Of The Industrial Prototype Of A Screw Press Device And Evaluation Of Its Technical Parameters
This study presents the theoretical and experimental results obtained in the design of an industrial prototype of a variable-pitch screw press developed for coal briquette production. The design process considered the following operational parameters: screw compression force — 2.5 kN, nozzle diameter — 25 mm, working chamber diameter — 100 mm, and a five-step screw with a maximum pitch of 80 mm decreasing by 5 mm per step, operating at a rotational speed of 1.5 rev/s. For a feed material density of 1346 kg/m³ and a press capacity of 2500 kg/h, the total electric motor power, gearbox transmission ratio, and overall press dimensions were determined. The implementation of the proposed design and method demonstrated a twofold reduction in briquetting costs, thereby enhancing overall economic efficiency. Industrial trials confirmed that the developed screw press fully satisfies the technical requirements for industrial application of this class of machines. The calorific value of the produced briquetted fuel ranged from 750 to 800 °C, while introducing a raw material mixing process at 95 °C was found to reduce emissions of sulphur oxide (SO₂) by 1.8 times, magnesium oxide (MgO) by 1.23 times, and anhydrous sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) by 1.36 times relative to the permissible exposure limit (PEL).
Copyright (c) 2025 Akmaljon Khakimov, Dilnoza Salihanova, Ikromali Karimov https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Axial Deviation Of Saws For Round And Hexagonal Shafts
This study investigates the phenomenon of axial deviation in saw blades used for round and hexagonal shafts, focusing on its causes, dynamics, and operational consequences. Although saw discs are mechanically resilient, they often undergo geometric deformation during operation, leading to unbalanced mass distribution across their axes of symmetry. Axial deviation, characterised by blade deflection in the horizontal or vertical plane, results in dynamic imbalance, vibration, and contact between saw discs and grates. These distortions accelerate wear of bearings, reduce the lifespan of saws and grates, increase energy consumption, and cause fibre and seed damage during processing. The research highlights the generation of centrifugal unbalanced forces of varying vectors, which induce oscillations of the saw cylinder and disrupt stable fibre engagement. The findings emphasise the importance of geometric precision and shaft design in improving saw stability, performance, and overall operational reliability.
Copyright (c) 2025 B. Mirjalolzoda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Factors Influencing The Motivational Sphere Of Disorganized Youth
The article analyzes the key factors influencing the motivational sphere of disorganized youth. This article plays a significant role in the process of self-awareness and the establishment of life goals among young people. The article examines social, psychological, and economic factors, as well as the importance of family environment and the education system. The research findings will assist in developing strategies necessary to enhance youth motivation and actively engage them in social life.
Copyright (c) 2025 X.X.Baxromov https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
In this article, a common problem in society is studied the negative impact on stress and its impact on human health. The types of stress, the causes of origin and influencing mechanisms are considered to the body. The adverse effects of chronic stress leads to the mental and physical health of chronic stresses, including cases, leading to catastrophic disease, insomnia, decline in immune systems. The article also describes useful ways to reduce and prevent stress. The results of the study show that stress is one of the important health factors and based it should be managed. The article also envisages the stress of people of different ages, especially persons and students in labor activities, as well as how they treat this situation. The annual growth tendency of stress is also analyzed, based on the results of statistics and research, will also be analyzed.
Copyright (c) 2025 Askarovа Nargiza Abdivalievna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Comprehensive Review Of Word Sense Disambiguation For Enhancing Machine Translation Systems
Purpose: This paper provides a comprehensive review of Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) and its critical role in enhancing the accuracy and quality of machine translation (MT) systems. The core objective is to analyze the foundational concepts, established techniques, and practical applications of WSD, with a specific focus on its impact on lexical ambiguity in natural language translation. Design/Methodology/Approach: The article employs a systematic review methodology, synthesizing key literature on WSD and MT from foundational works to recent research. The review explores a theoretical framework for WSD, examining both knowledge-based and data-driven algorithms. It emphasizes the importance of lexical resources, such as WordNet, as the "heart of NLP," and their direct application in improving translation performance. Findings: The review confirms that WSD is a fundamental and successful technique for overcoming lexical ambiguity, a major challenge in MT. The analysis of case studies and performance metrics shows that the integration of WSD significantly improves the coherence and contextual accuracy of translated text, particularly for polysemous words, idioms, and postpositions. Originality/Value: This paper provides a consolidated and focused review that highlights the direct link between WSD and "true translation" quality, a topic not comprehensively addressed in a single, dedicated review. By synthesizing a range of sources, it offers a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in NLP and MT, outlining current challenges and proposing future research directions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Elara J. Thorne, Dr. Anya S. Petrova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ecological Problems In The Process Of Solid Fuel Combustion And Methods Of Their Mitigation
The article analyses the by-products formed during the combustion of briquettes produced under the following parameters: nozzle diameter Dn = 25 mm, compressive force of the variable-pitch screw Fc = 2.4 kN, working chamber diameter Dw.c = 100 mm, addition of 10–15% water and binder for briquetting, a 9:6% aqueous mixture of alcohol stillage and paraffin waste, briquetting temperatures of 90, 95, and 100 °C, mixing time of 20 minutes with thermal treatment, and addition of hard and soft nutshells in the range of 10, 20, and 30% relative to the total mass. The combustion analysis of the obtained briquettes was carried out in accordance with GOST 12.1.005-38. The study established that preliminary drying of coal powder and heat-assisted mixing of the blend partially reduce the volatile gases present in the briquette composition. It is explained that this process can be controlled through monitoring or by applying dust–gas cleaning methods. However, recommendations are provided on the complexity of monitoring various emissions generated during the combustion of finished briquettes in compliance with MPC standards.
Copyright (c) 2025 Khakimov Akmaljon Akhmedovich, Salikhanova Dilnoza Saidakbarovna, Karimov Ikromali Tozhimatovich https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Importance Of Technical Tools In The Education Of Children With Hearing Impairments
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the role and significance of technical devices in the education of children with hearing impairments. In the current era, where principles of inclusivity are being strengthened within the education system, ensuring quality education for children with hearing impairments has become a pressing issue. The rapid development of modern technologies offers opportunities to create and implement learning tools adapted to the needs of this category of students. The study scientifically highlights the impact of audiotechnical devices, specialized software, visual and subtitled materials, interactive learning platforms, and other modern technological solutions on the knowledge acquisition process, speech development, communicative skills, and social adaptation of students. The research methodology included observation, comparative analysis, experimentation, statistical analysis, and empirical methods, allowing for a well-founded confirmation of the impact of technical tools on learning effectiveness. The article presents a comparative analysis of international experiences and the current situation in Uzbekistan’s education system, along with recommendations for creating a more comfortable and effective educational environment for children with hearing impairments through the use of modern technologies. The research results demonstrate that the use of technical devices promotes increased participation of children with hearing impairments in the learning process and positively influences the development of their independent thinking, speech activity, and communication abilities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Juldiz Muratovna Atamuratova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Stylistic Interpretation Of Gastronomic Metaphors In Chinese Economic News
This article presents a stylistic analysis of gastronomic metaphors found in Chinese economic news. It examines the origins, semantic meanings, and metaphorical interpretations of these expressions. Particular attention is given to their stylistic functions in the text—whether negative or positive—their emotional coloring, and how figurative meanings are conveyed in economic discourse.
Copyright (c) 2025 Madina Qahramon qizi Fayzullayeva https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Causes Of Destruction Of Cement Concrete Road Pavements
The increasing requirements for the reliability, serviceability, and strength of road pavements are caused by the growth in vehicle load capacity and traffic intensity on roads. Over the past decade, the automobile fleet of Uzbekistan has increased several times, and according to road specialists as well as designers, the traffic intensity on some roads is 1.5 to 3 times higher than the permissible level for this road category. The article highlights the issues of studying the causes of deformations and failures of cement concrete pavements of highways during operation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Khamidov Adkhamjon, Nishanov Fayzullo, Ganiyev Islombek https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing Ultra-Dense Connectivity in IMDD Pons With P2MP Flexible Optical Transceivers for Concurrent Upstream and Direct Inter-ONU Communication
Background: The imminent arrival of 6G networks necessitates a fundamental redesign of optical access networks to support unprecedented connection density, ultra-low latency, and extreme bandwidth. Conventional Passive Optical Networks (PONs), while successful for fiber-to-the-home, face significant architectural limitations in meeting these demands. Enabling direct, low-latency communication between Optical Network Units (ONUs) is a critical step, but existing methods often introduce complexity and cost. This article investigates a novel approach using Point-to-Multi-Point (P2MP) flexible optical transceivers within an Intensity Modulation and Direct Detection (IMDD) PON to address this challenge. Methods: We propose and model a PON architecture where ONUs are equipped with advanced P2MP transceivers. This setup facilitates not only traditional upstream communication to the Optical Line Terminal (OLT) but also direct, concurrent inter-ONU data exchange. The operational principles are based on dynamic subcarrier allocation and sophisticated digital signal processing (DSP) for interference management. We developed a comprehensive simulation framework to evaluate the system's performance under ultra-dense traffic scenarios, analyzing key metrics including Bit Error Rate (BER), network throughput, latency, and, most critically, the maximum number of simultaneous connections the network can provision. Results: The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed architecture successfully supports simultaneous upstream and high-speed inter-ONU traffic with negligible performance degradation. Compared to traditional PONs, our system exhibits a significant enhancement in connection provisioning capability, effectively handling a much denser user environment. For peer-to-peer traffic, the direct ONU-to-ONU path yields a substantial reduction in latency by eliminating the round-trip delay to the OLT. Conclusion: The integration of P2MP flexible optical transceivers provides a powerful and efficient solution for enhancing the capacity and flexibility of IMDD PONs. This architecture is a promising candidate for future-proof optical access networks, capable of supporting the demanding connectivity requirements of 6G and beyond.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Kenji Tanaka, Prof. Eleanor Vance https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Priority Aspects to Be Considered When Organizing Primary School Native Language Classes
The article explores in depth the essential components for organizing effective native language classes in primary schools. It underscores the significance of the native language in children's cognitive, emotional, and social development. The study presents key priorities such as curriculum alignment, age-appropriate methodology, learning environments, assessment strategies, teacher competencies, and stakeholder engagement. Special attention is given to child psychology, differentiated instruction, and the incorporation of local cultural content to ensure inclusive and contextually relevant language teaching.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kubayeva Nilufar Shuhrat kizi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of The Improved Grate on The Cleaning Process
The article presents the results of a study conducted to determine the effect of the clearance between the cutting edges of the saw teeth of a rasp drum and the working edge of a grate with a diameter of 15 mm on the cleaning process. According to the research findings, the highest cleaning efficiency was observed when the slats had a diameter of 15 mm, the spacing between them was 30 mm, and the distance from the tips of the saw drum teeth to the edge of the slatted grid was 18 mm. As the distance between the saw drum tooth tips and the edge of the slatted grid increased from 15 mm to 18 mm, the cleaning efficiency for first-grade industrial cotton increased from 86. 4% to 90. 5%. However, when the gap increased to 19 mm and 20 mm, the cleaning efficiency decreased to 88. 3%. For third-grade industrial cotton, cleaning efficiency rose from 87. 6% to 92. 9% as the distance increased up to 18 mm, then dropped to 90. 6% at 19 mm and 20 mm. Additionally, it was determined that as the distance increased, the amount of free fibres and the contamination of cotton by impurities decreased.
Copyright (c) 2025 M. K. Saparov, R. I. Ro‘zmetov, T. O. Tuychiyev https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Flexural Behaviour Of Hybrid Steel-Frp Reinforced Concrete Beam
This paper presents the experimental test results of hybrid steel–glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) reinforced concrete beams under four-point bending, and compares them with conventional steel reinforced concrete beams.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kamoliddin Muminov, Ravshanbek Mavlonov https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Foreign Experience in Development of The Digital Economy and Strategic Improvement of Enterprises and Its Practical Significance
This in the article developed in countries digital of the economy development, digital of technologies economy and finance in the fields of influence, internet services, online banking and insurance, as well as in enterprises digitization processes analysis will be done. In research statistician information and international experiments based on digital economy development current directions open will be given.
Copyright (c) 2025 Professor K.A. Sharipov, S.S. Kadirov https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Toward Battery-Free Sensing: A Comparative Overview of TENG-Based Gas Sensor Mechanisms
Gas sensing is critical for environmental monitoring, industrial safety, and healthcare diagnostics, particularly for detecting hazardous or significant gases like volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ammonia, and formaldehyde [1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 10]. Traditional gas sensors often require external power sources, which can limit their portability and deployment in remote or harsh environments. Self-powered gas sensors, which harvest energy from their surroundings, offer a promising solution to this limitation. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), devices that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through the coupling of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction, have emerged as effective power sources and active sensing components for self-powered gas detection systems [20, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40]. This review provides a comparative analysis of the sensing mechanisms employed in TENG-based self-powered gas sensors. It examines how the interaction between target gases and the TENG's materials, or integrated sensing layers, leads to detectable changes in the TENG's electrical output. Key mechanisms discussed include changes in triboelectric properties, modulation of integrated resistive or capacitive sensing layers by the TENG's output, and gas ionization effects. Challenges and future perspectives for the development of highly sensitive, selective, and stable self-powered gas sensors based on TENGs are also addressed.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Rizky Mahendra, Dr. Nurul Hidayah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of A Device for Separating and Fractionating Chickpea Seeds from Pods and Theoretical Study of The Coverage Process
This article presents the development of a device for separating and fractionating chickpea seeds from pods, as well as the results of a theoretical study of the seed coverage process within the device. The results of the theoretical research show that the proposed device ensures high completeness of chickpea seed separation from pods and minimal damage to the seeds when the maximum coverage angle for feeding seeds into the separation mechanism reaches 90°.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pardayev Obid Raximboboevich, Islomov Muxammad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of An Improved Device for Separating Bean Seeds from Pods and Optimization of Its Main Structural Dimensions and Operating Modes
The article presents the development of an improved device aimed at increasing the efficiency of the process of separating and cleaning bean seeds from pods, as well as the optimization of its main structural dimensions and operating modes. The results of experimental studies showed that in the proposed device, complete separation of bean seeds from the pods, minimal seed damage, low seed loss, and high seed purity can be achieved when the shaft rotation speed is 450 min⁻¹, the number of beaters is 22, the length of the beaters is 230 mm, and the fan rotation speed is 2000 min⁻¹.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pardayev Obid Raximboboevich, Irisboyev Farxod Boymirzayevich https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Genre Classification of Spanish Newspaper Language
In the context of modern globalization, the study of the diversity of national schools of journalism is an important scientific task. In the context of the spread of single forms of journalistic creativity, the study of differences in the genre systems of journalism between different regions of the world, including Spain and Latin American countries, is becoming especially relevant. Such a study analyzes the genre characteristics of the Spanish print media. The article analyzes the genre characteristics of the Spanish press, their formation, development and current state based on the scientific work of Spanish scholars. At the same time, the article also considers the types of Spanish newspaper genres, the criteria for their separation, modern requirements and features associated with the development of digital media.
Copyright (c) 2025 Makhfuza Artikova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Structural Design Approaches for Omnidirectional Wind Energy Harvesting using Triboelectric Nanogenerators
The development of efficient and robust wind energy harvesting systems is essential to meet the growing demand for sustainable and decentralized energy sources. This study explores structural design strategies for omnidirectional wind energy harvesting using triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). By leveraging the triboelectric effect and advanced material configurations, TENG-based systems offer significant potential for low-cost, lightweight, and scalable wind energy solutions. Various structural designs, including flutter-driven, rotary, and hybrid configurations, are analyzed with respect to their mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency, adaptability to multi-directional airflow, and environmental durability. The paper also discusses design optimizations that enhance charge transfer, frequency response, and energy output under fluctuating wind conditions. Experimental prototypes and simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and performance of these approaches, highlighting their applicability in powering small electronic devices, sensors, and microgrids, particularly in remote or urban environments with variable wind directions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Aditya Prasetyo, Dr. Siti Nur Aisyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Importance Of Communication In Emergency Management Training
This article provides information about the culture of communication in emergency education, communicative culture in the communication process, and their main tasks. It is emphasized what knowledge, skills and competencies a future employee should have for successful work. The ability to communicate correctly, clearly and quickly in emergency situations is considered one of the important factors in ensuring human life and safety. The article also analyzes the role of communication in developing psychological stability, accurate information delivery, teamwork and leadership qualities for specialists working in emergency situations from a theoretical and practical perspective. Trainings aimed at developing communication skills, practical exercises and methods of using modern communication technologies are also considered.
Copyright (c) 2025 Boltayev Bakhtiyor Yunusovich https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Research on The Linguistic Features of Eponyms in English And Uzbek
This article examines the formation, linguistic characteristics, semantic functions, and cultural significance of eponyms in English and Uzbek through a comparative linguistic analysis. Eponyms—terms derived from personal names—reflect historical, scientific, cultural, and social contexts. The study analyzes the most commonly used eponyms in both languages, focusing on their morphological structure and functional potential.
Copyright (c) 2025 Azimova Anisa Abroriddinovna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Increasing Vocabulary Through Teaching Critical Thinking When Working on Word Meaning (On the Example of Primary Grades)
This article discusses the methodology of working on word meaning through teaching critical thinking as one of the effective ways to increase vocabulary in primary school students. The study theoretically substantiates the idea that teaching students critical thinking leads to an increase in vocabulary, speech competence, an expansion of their perception, imagination, logic, worldview, and the development of skills to complete complex tasks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Khusenova Mukhtaram Khusniddin qizi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Theoretical Study of Structural Defects in Textile Fabrics
This article broadly covers modern research directions for identifying and evaluating structural defects in textile fabrics. These defects significantly affect the quality, aesthetic appearance, and functional properties of fabrics. Therefore, detecting, diagnosing, and effectively eliminating them is one of the most pressing issues in the textile industry. The study explores advanced techniques for identifying structural defects using image processing algorithms, deep learning technologies, and neural networks. It examines the potential of a deep learning approach based on the Fisher criterion to ensure high accuracy in fabric quality diagnostics. New approaches using Gabor filters to analyze the spectral and geometric parameters of fabrics are also discussed. Methods aimed at improving the automated detection of defect shape, location, and density on fabric surfaces are presented. The research results include practical recommendations to optimize production processes and enhance quality control. In particular, it outlines opportunities to take significant steps in defect detection and prevention through the implementation of modern technologies. This study not only contributes to improving fabric quality but also lays a vital scientific foundation for the sustainable development of the textile industry.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shahzodbek E. Rakhimjonov, Akbarjon A. Umarov https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0