Abstract
The modern development of the world economy is increasingly defined by its reliance on vast and complex information flows. In today's interconnected global marketplace, the seamless exchange of data underpins almost every aspect of economic activity, from financial transactions and supply chain management to customer interactions and business intelligence. As a result, the importance of addressing issues related to safeguarding data flows and ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information during its processing and transmission is growing at an unprecedented pace. Information security has emerged as a multifaceted and intricate challenge, encompassing technical, organizational, legal, and ethical dimensions. The rapid advancement of electronic technologies has led to the proliferation of tools designed for processing, storing, and securing information. Innovations in artificial intelligence, blockchain, cloud computing, and quantum cryptography are revolutionizing the way organizations manage and protect their data assets. Despite these advancements, the sophistication of threats to information security continues to evolve, creating an ongoing arms race between defenders and attackers.