Ransomware has emerged as one of the most pervasive and destructive threats in the realm of cybersecurity, targeting individuals, businesses, and institutions globally. Traditional antivirus solutions often fall short in detecting sophisticated ransomware variants due to their reliance on signature-based approaches. This study proposes an automated ransomware detection and classification framework leveraging supervised machine learning models. The framework extracts key features from network traffic and file behaviors to train models capable of accurately distinguishing ransomware from benign software. Comparative analysis of algorithms such as Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, and Gradient Boosting highlights their performance in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Results demonstrate that machine learning significantly enhances the detection and classification of ransomware, offering real-time solutions for mitigating this cyber threat. The proposed system is poised to contribute to more robust and adaptive cybersecurity strategies in combating ransomware attacks.

The increasing demand for sustainable construction materials has driven the exploration of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) to enhance the properties of concrete while reducing its environmental impact. This study investigates the synergistic effects of glass powder (GP) and rice husk ash (RHA) as partial replacements for cement in concrete. Various mix proportions were tested to evaluate their influence on mechanical properties, including compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength, as well as durability parameters such as water absorption, chloride resistance, and sulfate attack.

Results reveal that the combination of GP and RHA significantly improves the mechanical properties of concrete, particularly at later ages, due to the pozzolanic reactions and filler effects. The inclusion of these materials also enhances durability by reducing permeability and improving resistance to chemical attacks. Optimal performance was observed at a combined replacement level of 20–30%, beyond which a slight reduction in strength was noted. This research highlights the potential of using GP and RHA to produce eco-friendly concrete with improved performance, aligning with sustainability goals in the construction industry.

This article discusses the role of listening comprehension in native language classes today, the formation of an understanding of this skill in students, training them to work with this skill task, the teaching of listening comprehension skills abroad and in our native language classes, problems and solutions.

In this article, one of the famous works from the period of the old Uzbek language, Ogahiy’s historical stories is subjected to lexical analysis. In particular, comments were made about the composition of active lexical units and their belonging to the own and the derived layer.

The article presents the use of educational tasks in primary grades, their classification and description, an analytical study of the assignment, types, purpose of educational tasks and changes in the theory of educational tasks, reactions to new approaches, approaches to the advantages and disadvantages of educational tasks from textbooks.

This article examines some works by Mashrab, the son of one of the great representatives of Uzbek classical literature, the mystic and thinker poet Boborakhim Mulla Vali (Valibobo), partly influenced by Mawlana Lutfi, Alisher Navoi, and mainly by the famous Azerbaijani poet Muhammad Fuzuli.

In particular, Mashrab's ghazals and tahmis written following Lutfi's ghazal "I love you...",

Navoi's ghazals with the parallels "Kelmadi", "Koshki"

and Fuzuli's ghazals "Meni jondan osandirdi..." and "Olandan sor", as well as his muhamma with the parallels "Ayrilmisham".

This ghazal, in the tahmis, is a comparative analysis of Mashrab's competition with Fuzuli in terms of art, and the success of the worthy continuation of the mystical ideas in the ghazal.

This article describes the integration of modern methods of introducing digital technologies into the process of mathematics education. Methods aimed at increasing the efficiency of learning by using information and communication technologies among students are highlighted. It is thought that information and communication technologies help to transform the educational environment into a student-oriented environment.

The article examines the analysis of key competencies of functional literacy, types and content of functional literacy, and its main components. The research hypothesis is based on the assumption that the proposed competencies for multifaceted pedagogical activities will effectively influence the level of professional competence formation in teachers, aimed at developing functional literacy in schoolchildren.

This article explores methods for working with algorithmic tasks in primary school mathematics lessons, the sequence of algorithmic tasks, and the skills required to correctly structure these tasks. The significance of algorithms in enhancing mathematical literacy among primary school students is explained.

This article highlights the topic of working with arithmetic operations in primary school mathematics lessons. It discusses how to teach students the arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, focusing on when and in what order these operations should be performed.

This article discusses the process of working with algebraic expressions and preparing students for understanding equations during primary school mathematics lessons. It highlights the teaching methods for introducing students to variable expressions and solving problems involving variables.

This article discusses the issue of working with variable expressions in primary school mathematics lessons.

This article provides information about effective methods for developing spatial concepts in primary school students. It also highlights several practical activities in this regard. Play-based technologies are presented and their potential for fostering spatial concepts is discussed.

This article explores the importance of teaching preschool-aged children to love and care for nature, emphasizing its role in their cognitive, emotional, and social development. It highlights effective methods for fostering environmental awareness, including nature-based activities, storytelling, hands-on exploration, and collaborative efforts between educators and parents. The article also discusses the principles of adapting lessons to children’s developmental stages, blending theory with practice, and nurturing empathy and wonder for the natural world. By prioritizing environmental education during early childhood, parents and educators can instill a sense of responsibility and a lifelong commitment to sustainability, ensuring a positive impact on the environment for future generations.

This study presents the results of determining the flavonoid content in the food supplement "Psoralin." The objective was to quantify the flavonoid compounds using modern analytical techniques, such as spectrophotometry and chromatography. The analysis was conducted in accordance with established regulatory standards for evaluating the quality and safety of food supplements. The findings reveal that the flavonoid content in "Psoralin" aligns with the recommended levels, highlighting its potential health benefits and compliance with safety standards. This research underscores the importance of assessing bioactive compounds in dietary supplements to ensure their efficacy and consumer safety.

The vocabulary of the Russian language is in a state of continuous change and development and, from the point of view of origin, includes native Russian and borrowed words, including Eastern vocabulary. Eastern vocabulary defines a national, distinctive intonation, that allows one to convey the life of the people, their interests, and beliefs more vividly and figuratively.

The article discusses the practical experience of modernizing the 16K20F3 tool machine for tool processing.  It describes a deep modernization with a complete replacement of all drives, electrical and control systems. The goal is to consider the use of modernization of outdated metal-cutting equipment for modern technological tasks as one of the economically feasible options, alternative to the purchase of new expensive equipment. The use of aggregation allows in the process of modernization to create technological equipment for a specific group of products with the implementation of an optimal technological process. Simultaneous equipping of the machine with a modern control system, as well as assemblies and equipment for CAM technologies and HSM-technologies, allows you to get a qualitatively new equipment.

The article describes the features of the process of degreasing the skin and the drugs used, as well as the impact of this process on the quality of the skin. In particular, in research work, gasoline was used for the first time in the degreasing process, preliminary results were obtained, and the feasibility of using gasoline in the degreasing composition was determined.

Thinking is a higher form of human mental activity; the process of reflecting objective reality in the mind. Thinking is considered a tool for knowing the environment, social phenomena, reality, as well as the main condition for implementing human activity. It is a higher cognitive process that more fully and accurately reflects reality than intuition, perception, imagination.

Investments are one of the important factors determining the level of economic growth. The article analyzes the impact of centralized, decentralized investments and investments attracted on the basis of foreign credit on ensuring economic growth in our republic, as well as their econometric modeling. The relationship between investments and the level of economic growth was also analyzed by creating a multifactor econometric model.

The article discusses the main sources of uncertainty in measurements of physicochemical quantities, which are an integral part of any experimental research in physics and chemistry. Various factors affecting the accuracy and reliability of measurement results are analyzed, including errors in instrumental systems, the influence of external conditions, and the human factor. Particular attention is paid to methods for estimating and minimizing uncertainty, such as the use of standards, instrument calibration, and statistical data processing. The work also provides examples of practical measurements in chemical analytics and materials physics, where uncertainty is critical to the results obtained. Recommendations for uncertainty management can be useful for both researchers and specialists working in the field of quality control and product certification.

This paper presents an analysis of three types of cotton fabrics intended for bed linen, focusing on their physical, mechanical, and performance characteristics. The study evaluates the fabrics based on standardized quality parameters, including tensile strength, shrinkage, colorfastness, and comfort properties. The results reveal variations in performance among the samples, with one fabric meeting all required standards for durability, comfort, and aesthetic appeal. Based on the findings, the first sample is recommended for practical use in bed linen production, highlighting its superior quality and compliance with industry requirements.

The article provides information about a new method of deep loosening of the subsoil layer of soil, based on the application of the energy of a detonation wave. For this purpose, the design and justification of the parameters of a device that impacts the soil non-contact and operates based on detonation energy, intended for deep loosening of the subsoil layer of soil, were developed.

This article is dedicated to the study of the main concepts, development trends and advantages of Islamic finance and banking. Islamic finance and banking activities are managed on the basis of the Qurʻan and hadith, and the two financial systems are compared.

This article is dedicated to exploring the artistic depiction of the image of the mother-woman in the works of Alisher Navoi. It examines the poet's perspectives on women, as expressed in ghazals and rubaiyat from his collection "Khazayin ul-Ma'ani", as well as in his works "Nasayim ul-Muhabbat" and "Mahbub ul-Qulub". The analysis demonstrates that in Navoi's poetry, the figure of the mother-woman uniquely represents the identity, formation, and manifestation of an entire people and nation. The poet skillfully employed expressive imagery in his verses, capturing both the era's and women's societal challenges with profound philosophical depth. The simplicity of thought, conveyed through straightforward lines, holds a dominant place in his lyrical work. Navoi’s poetry reflects national landscapes and realities through an intellectual exploration of meaning and layers of ideas, achieved via artistic interpretation, depiction, and detail. Ultimately, the poet portrays the destiny of women as intrinsically linked to their role as faithful companions and mothers, ensuring continuity for future generations. These characteristics are echoed in oral folklore, where female figures are simultaneously depicted as brave heroines and caring mothers, blending diverse qualities into a syncretic image. The study of Navoi’s works reveals a progressive enhancement and deepening of the artistic interpretation of the beloved's image across different genres and works.

This аrticle prоvides infоrmаtiоn аbоut the pоliticаl life оf the Turkestаn regiоn, including the shоrtcоmings оf the mаnаgement system, the stаte оf the peоple, the аttitude оf the intelligentsiа, its desire tо influence the spirituаl life.

Developing leadership qualities in preschool children is a fundamental aspect of early childhood education. Leadership skills, such as communication, decision-making, teamwork, and responsibility, lay the foundation for personal and social success. Preschool educational institutions play a crucial role in fostering these qualities through structured activities, play-based learning, and collaborative tasks. Educators act as facilitators, creating an inclusive environment that nurtures confidence, independence, and initiative among young learners. This article explores the significance of early leadership development, effective methods, challenges, and strategies to overcome them, highlighting the transformative impact of fostering leadership qualities in preschool settings.

Early childhood education plays a pivotal role in shaping the cognitive and social foundations of preschool-aged children. This article explores the significance of developing combinational abilities—such as pattern recognition, problem-solving, and creative thinking—in young learners and examines the impact of innovative teaching methods on fostering these essential skills. Drawing upon established theoretical frameworks, including Piaget’s stages of cognitive development and Vygotsky’s social development theory, the literature review highlights the advantages of contemporary educational approaches over traditional, teacher-centered paradigms. Specifically, methods such as the Montessori and Reggio Emilia approaches, project-based learning, technology-enhanced learning, and gamification are analyzed for their effectiveness in promoting active engagement, critical thinking, and creativity. The study identifies key benefits of these innovative methods, including enhanced cognitive flexibility, improved social competence, and greater alignment with modern educational standards and diverse child needs.

The integration of multimedia tools in teaching "Natural Sciences" in general education schools offers significant opportunities for enhancing the learning process. These tools enable the visualization of complex concepts, facilitate interactive engagement, and promote active learning strategies. By incorporating animations, videos, presentations, and other digital resources, educators can create an engaging and immersive learning environment. Multimedia tools not only improve the understanding and retention of scientific concepts but also support differentiated instruction, catering to diverse learning needs. Furthermore, they provide teachers with innovative methods to assess students' knowledge and skills effectively. This article explores the potential benefits, challenges, and strategies for effectively utilizing multimedia tools in natural sciences education, emphasizing their role in fostering a more dynamic and impactful teaching process.

Currently, tourism has developed significantly and has become a mass socio-economic phenomenon of international scale. Its rapid development is facilitated by the expansion of political, economic, scientific and cultural ties between states and peoples of the world. The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems and prospects for the development of family tourism. The introduction reveals the relevance, gives a general description of the methods used and the collection of empirical information. The types, functions and tasks of family tourism are considered and the features of family tourism as a type of tourism are revealed.

The article examines how pedagogical universities currently prepare students for their future work in the digital society and how ready they are to ensure the information security of their students. How conformist they feel in the information space, whether they know how to behave correctly in this environment, and whether they will be able to help their students in solving complex issues that arise when working in social networks and the Internet.

The article examines the issues of spiritual education, the formation of culture and values in the family. Its role in strengthening moral principles and stability in society is shown.

The article provides a diagnostics of youth social activity. The causes of low social activity and factors that activate it are identified. Recommendations for increasing youth social activity are offered.

The system of spiritual and educational work in higher educational institutions serves the strategic goals of our national statehood. The youth of Uzbekistan, who are aware of the culture of the country and countries of the world, are being prepared to strengthen the cooperation of Eastern and Western civilizations. The formation of such qualities helps to create national unity. That is, differences in religious beliefs, languages, traditions unite people towards a common goal, such as a single country, its fate, solving its current problems and building a great state in the future. This indicates that higher educational institutions have a socio-political value as a social pedagogical necessity aimed at changing the thinking of students.

In this article, the legal-normative foundations of the development of tourism, music tourism, the international status in the development of tolerance among students through musical tourism, the social necessity of using the opportunities of folklore art and music and dance festivals, the level of study of the problem, the situation in practice and didactic opportunities Pedagogical conditions - conditions and methodical aspects of use in the educational process and educational activities are highlighted.

The pedagogical-psychological aspects of helping primary school pupils develop legal literacy and legal consciousness through extracurricular activities are examined from a scientific standpoint in this study. Additionally, methodological suggestions based on several approaches are given for fostering legal literacy in elementary school pupils through extracurricular activities.

This article explores the didactic conditions for designing and implementing collaborative strategies in English language teaching. It examines the role of teachers in guiding the integration of modern pedagogical technologies and the active participation of students. The study highlights the importance of innovative tools, pedagogical expertise, and student-centered learning for enhancing communicative skills and intercultural competence.

The article tells about the life path of the famous Uzbek poetess Zulfiyakhanim Isroilova, her hardships and the fact that, despite such life difficulties, she always took a step forward and did not stop searching. The main themes of the poet's work are discussed and proven with poetic lines. Also, the contribution of this intelligent woman to Uzbek literature, the uniqueness of her works are emphasized.

Practical projects play a significant role in studying natural sciences. Linking theory with practice facilitates easier comprehension and retention of topics. For instance, examining the internal structure of a bean seed and observing its germination process in experiments can spark students' interest in science and develop their experimental skills. Additionally, such projects are beneficial in preparing students for life, teaching them to work systematically and according to plans.

This scientific article is devoted to the topic of gradation in Uzbek and world linguistics. It tells when the theory of gradation appeared in Uzbek and world linguistics and how and by whom it was studied. Various definitions of gradation are given. It is proven how important the level of emotionality of the listener is when learning a foreign language and communicating in this language.

The acceleration of urbanization, the increase in the number of megacities, and the growth of the population have led to a rising demand for public transportation every year. Consequently, this necessitates improving the quality of public transportation services, enhancing the culture surrounding it, and adapting it to modern times and conditions. This article explores what can be done to improve public transportation in Uzbekistan.

This article will describe the creative searches and reforms carried out in the theater-studio "Diidor" under the leadership of director Bakhad i r Yuldoshev. The essence of ideological and artistic research that appears as a result of the quest of the great director and the essence of a new look at studio aesthetics in Uzbekistan will be revealed.

In businesses such as food stores, where quick processing is crucial, automation systems play an essential role in improving efficiency. The application of automation in business processes can help stores speed up operations, reduce errors, cut costs, and provide better customer service. In today's fast-paced retail environment, especially in food stores, efficiency is crucial to stay competitive. Automation systems play a vital role in streamlining business processes, making operations faster, more accurate, and cost-effective. By automating key tasks such as sales transactions, inventory management, and customer service, food stores can significantly reduce human error, improve operational efficiency, and enhance the overall customer experience. These advancements not only help in managing daily tasks more effectively but also contribute to a more sustainable and profitable business model. This article explores the impact of automating business processes in food stores, focusing on its benefits and practical implementation.

This article analyzes the application of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in the textile industry and their impact on clothing manufacturing processes. IoT technologies play a crucial role in optimizing production processes, efficiently managing resources, reducing energy and water consumption, minimizing waste, and improving product quality. The study highlights how global brands such as H&M, Nike, Zara, and Levi's have implemented IoT technologies and analyzes their effectiveness. The article demonstrates the benefits of IoT integration in textile manufacturing, including automation of production processes, quality control, energy and resource management, and reducing environmental impact. Furthermore, practical recommendations for reducing waste and developing a circular economy model using IoT are provided. The article also discusses the future prospects and changes in the industry brought about by IoT innovations.

This article focuses on predicting the permeability of oil and gas reservoirs using artificial neural networks (ANN). By utilizing data sets from oil and gas wells, comprehensive preprocessing was conducted, including feature selection, scaling, and normalization to ensure the robustness of the models. The effectiveness of ANN in predicting the permeability of underground formations was evaluated using petrophysical data from wells in the Bukhara-Khiva oil and gas region. A precise permeability prediction model was created using key petrophysical parameters such as gamma rays (GR), resistivity (RT), sonic (DT), density (RHOB), and neutron porosity (NPHI). To enhance model performance, the dataset underwent complete preprocessing, including normalization and feature selection. The model's performance was assessed through MSE, R², and MAE metrics, demonstrating higher accuracy compared to traditional linear regression models. The results indicate that the ANN model provides highly accurate permeability predictions. The findings offer valuable insights for optimizing exploration and production strategies in the oil and gas industry, highlighting the superiority of machine learning and neural network models over traditional methods in subsurface resource evaluation.

In this article, problems related to solutions and mixtures of different contents and the processes of solving them in a mathematical way were seen in practical exercises in mathematics. This can be used in the creation of new mixtures and the formation of colorful paints, which are important in many areas of industry.

The modern development of the world economy is increasingly defined by its reliance on vast and complex information flows. In today's interconnected global marketplace, the seamless exchange of data underpins almost every aspect of economic activity, from financial transactions and supply chain management to customer interactions and business intelligence. As a result, the importance of addressing issues related to safeguarding data flows and ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information during its processing and transmission is growing at an unprecedented pace. Information security has emerged as a multifaceted and intricate challenge, encompassing technical, organizational, legal, and ethical dimensions. The rapid advancement of electronic technologies has led to the proliferation of tools designed for processing, storing, and securing information. Innovations in artificial intelligence, blockchain, cloud computing, and quantum cryptography are revolutionizing the way organizations manage and protect their data assets. Despite these advancements, the sophistication of threats to information security continues to evolve, creating an ongoing arms race between defenders and attackers.

This article describes the ways in which equations involving integers and fractions are given in school mathematics classes and their solution methods.

This paper explores the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in generating classroom foreign language tests, aiming to identify the challenges and opportunities encountered during item creation. Employing a case study, a qualitative research method, this study used data from a single subject to investigate the process of generating classroom assessment items using an AI system in a real-world setting. The findings highlighted several opportunities and challenges faced by the participant when utilizing AI. Analysis of the feedback revealed three major benefits of using AI: practicality, customization, and efficiency. Conversely, four significant challenges were identified: readability, validity, insufficient data for other languages, and issues of ownership.

Digitalization of the marketing department of an educational institution is an important aspect of sustainable development in the modern educational process. The article discusses modern digital tools and technologies that can be integrated into the work of the marketing department in order to increase the efficiency of interaction with potential students, improve the image of the institution and optimize internal processes. Practical recommendations for the implementation of digital solutions are offered and their importance for achieving long-term strategic goals is emphasized.

This article is about the real essence of today's rapidly developing market of educational services and reveals the potential of successful non-governmental educational entrepreneurship that has already been proven that it will bring not only financial, but also huge social benefits by entering the field of education, which is actually a state function, based on the rules of supply and demand. It proposes the application of the new term "Ta’limkor" to the field in Uzbekistan.

The decomposition of propane-butane fractions into low molecular weight saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons is a key process in petrochemical production. This study explores the kinetic parameters and reaction mechanisms using reactors designed for impulse and continuous flow operations. The results indicate that the decomposition reactions follow first-order kinetics under specific experimental conditions. Conducted at temperatures ranging from 400°C to 700°C with catalysts, the experiments reveal that the process occurs at two distinct active catalytic sites (Z and Z). The mechanism involves the formation of surface radical complexes (C-Z), which govern the reaction pathways. Depending on the stability of these complexes, the process proceeds through either sequential hydrogen detachment, leading to carbon formation on the catalyst surface, or hydrogen recombination from the gas phase with the C-Z complex, resulting in methane production. This study provides valuable insights into the decomposition mechanisms of propane-butane fractions and lays the groundwork for optimizing catalytic processes to enhance the yield of desired low molecular weight hydrocarbons.