Ransomware has emerged as one of the most pervasive and destructive threats in the realm of cybersecurity, targeting individuals, businesses, and institutions globally. Traditional antivirus solutions often fall short in detecting sophisticated ransomware variants due to their reliance on signature-based approaches. This study proposes an automated ransomware detection and classification framework leveraging supervised machine learning models. The framework extracts key features from network traffic and file behaviors to train models capable of accurately distinguishing ransomware from benign software. Comparative analysis of algorithms such as Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, and Gradient Boosting highlights their performance in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Results demonstrate that machine learning significantly enhances the detection and classification of ransomware, offering real-time solutions for mitigating this cyber threat. The proposed system is poised to contribute to more robust and adaptive cybersecurity strategies in combating ransomware attacks.

The increasing demand for sustainable construction materials has driven the exploration of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) to enhance the properties of concrete while reducing its environmental impact. This study investigates the synergistic effects of glass powder (GP) and rice husk ash (RHA) as partial replacements for cement in concrete. Various mix proportions were tested to evaluate their influence on mechanical properties, including compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength, as well as durability parameters such as water absorption, chloride resistance, and sulfate attack.

Results reveal that the combination of GP and RHA significantly improves the mechanical properties of concrete, particularly at later ages, due to the pozzolanic reactions and filler effects. The inclusion of these materials also enhances durability by reducing permeability and improving resistance to chemical attacks. Optimal performance was observed at a combined replacement level of 20–30%, beyond which a slight reduction in strength was noted. This research highlights the potential of using GP and RHA to produce eco-friendly concrete with improved performance, aligning with sustainability goals in the construction industry.

This article discusses the role of listening comprehension in native language classes today, the formation of an understanding of this skill in students, training them to work with this skill task, the teaching of listening comprehension skills abroad and in our native language classes, problems and solutions.

In this article, one of the famous works from the period of the old Uzbek language, Ogahiy’s historical stories is subjected to lexical analysis. In particular, comments were made about the composition of active lexical units and their belonging to the own and the derived layer.

The article presents the use of educational tasks in primary grades, their classification and description, an analytical study of the assignment, types, purpose of educational tasks and changes in the theory of educational tasks, reactions to new approaches, approaches to the advantages and disadvantages of educational tasks from textbooks.

This article examines some works by Mashrab, the son of one of the great representatives of Uzbek classical literature, the mystic and thinker poet Boborakhim Mulla Vali (Valibobo), partly influenced by Mawlana Lutfi, Alisher Navoi, and mainly by the famous Azerbaijani poet Muhammad Fuzuli.

In particular, Mashrab's ghazals and tahmis written following Lutfi's ghazal "I love you...",

Navoi's ghazals with the parallels "Kelmadi", "Koshki"

and Fuzuli's ghazals "Meni jondan osandirdi..." and "Olandan sor", as well as his muhamma with the parallels "Ayrilmisham".

This ghazal, in the tahmis, is a comparative analysis of Mashrab's competition with Fuzuli in terms of art, and the success of the worthy continuation of the mystical ideas in the ghazal.

This article describes the integration of modern methods of introducing digital technologies into the process of mathematics education. Methods aimed at increasing the efficiency of learning by using information and communication technologies among students are highlighted. It is thought that information and communication technologies help to transform the educational environment into a student-oriented environment.

The article examines the analysis of key competencies of functional literacy, types and content of functional literacy, and its main components. The research hypothesis is based on the assumption that the proposed competencies for multifaceted pedagogical activities will effectively influence the level of professional competence formation in teachers, aimed at developing functional literacy in schoolchildren.

This article explores methods for working with algorithmic tasks in primary school mathematics lessons, the sequence of algorithmic tasks, and the skills required to correctly structure these tasks. The significance of algorithms in enhancing mathematical literacy among primary school students is explained.

This article highlights the topic of working with arithmetic operations in primary school mathematics lessons. It discusses how to teach students the arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, focusing on when and in what order these operations should be performed.

This article discusses the process of working with algebraic expressions and preparing students for understanding equations during primary school mathematics lessons. It highlights the teaching methods for introducing students to variable expressions and solving problems involving variables.

This article discusses the issue of working with variable expressions in primary school mathematics lessons.

This article provides information about effective methods for developing spatial concepts in primary school students. It also highlights several practical activities in this regard. Play-based technologies are presented and their potential for fostering spatial concepts is discussed.

This article explores the importance of teaching preschool-aged children to love and care for nature, emphasizing its role in their cognitive, emotional, and social development. It highlights effective methods for fostering environmental awareness, including nature-based activities, storytelling, hands-on exploration, and collaborative efforts between educators and parents. The article also discusses the principles of adapting lessons to children’s developmental stages, blending theory with practice, and nurturing empathy and wonder for the natural world. By prioritizing environmental education during early childhood, parents and educators can instill a sense of responsibility and a lifelong commitment to sustainability, ensuring a positive impact on the environment for future generations.

This study presents the results of determining the flavonoid content in the food supplement "Psoralin." The objective was to quantify the flavonoid compounds using modern analytical techniques, such as spectrophotometry and chromatography. The analysis was conducted in accordance with established regulatory standards for evaluating the quality and safety of food supplements. The findings reveal that the flavonoid content in "Psoralin" aligns with the recommended levels, highlighting its potential health benefits and compliance with safety standards. This research underscores the importance of assessing bioactive compounds in dietary supplements to ensure their efficacy and consumer safety.

The vocabulary of the Russian language is in a state of continuous change and development and, from the point of view of origin, includes native Russian and borrowed words, including Eastern vocabulary. Eastern vocabulary defines a national, distinctive intonation, that allows one to convey the life of the people, their interests, and beliefs more vividly and figuratively.

The article discusses the practical experience of modernizing the 16K20F3 tool machine for tool processing.  It describes a deep modernization with a complete replacement of all drives, electrical and control systems. The goal is to consider the use of modernization of outdated metal-cutting equipment for modern technological tasks as one of the economically feasible options, alternative to the purchase of new expensive equipment. The use of aggregation allows in the process of modernization to create technological equipment for a specific group of products with the implementation of an optimal technological process. Simultaneous equipping of the machine with a modern control system, as well as assemblies and equipment for CAM technologies and HSM-technologies, allows you to get a qualitatively new equipment.

The article describes the features of the process of degreasing the skin and the drugs used, as well as the impact of this process on the quality of the skin. In particular, in research work, gasoline was used for the first time in the degreasing process, preliminary results were obtained, and the feasibility of using gasoline in the degreasing composition was determined.

Thinking is a higher form of human mental activity; the process of reflecting objective reality in the mind. Thinking is considered a tool for knowing the environment, social phenomena, reality, as well as the main condition for implementing human activity. It is a higher cognitive process that more fully and accurately reflects reality than intuition, perception, imagination.

Investments are one of the important factors determining the level of economic growth. The article analyzes the impact of centralized, decentralized investments and investments attracted on the basis of foreign credit on ensuring economic growth in our republic, as well as their econometric modeling. The relationship between investments and the level of economic growth was also analyzed by creating a multifactor econometric model.

The article discusses the main sources of uncertainty in measurements of physicochemical quantities, which are an integral part of any experimental research in physics and chemistry. Various factors affecting the accuracy and reliability of measurement results are analyzed, including errors in instrumental systems, the influence of external conditions, and the human factor. Particular attention is paid to methods for estimating and minimizing uncertainty, such as the use of standards, instrument calibration, and statistical data processing. The work also provides examples of practical measurements in chemical analytics and materials physics, where uncertainty is critical to the results obtained. Recommendations for uncertainty management can be useful for both researchers and specialists working in the field of quality control and product certification.

This paper presents an analysis of three types of cotton fabrics intended for bed linen, focusing on their physical, mechanical, and performance characteristics. The study evaluates the fabrics based on standardized quality parameters, including tensile strength, shrinkage, colorfastness, and comfort properties. The results reveal variations in performance among the samples, with one fabric meeting all required standards for durability, comfort, and aesthetic appeal. Based on the findings, the first sample is recommended for practical use in bed linen production, highlighting its superior quality and compliance with industry requirements.

The article provides information about a new method of deep loosening of the subsoil layer of soil, based on the application of the energy of a detonation wave. For this purpose, the design and justification of the parameters of a device that impacts the soil non-contact and operates based on detonation energy, intended for deep loosening of the subsoil layer of soil, were developed.

This article is dedicated to the study of the main concepts, development trends and advantages of Islamic finance and banking. Islamic finance and banking activities are managed on the basis of the Qurʻan and hadith, and the two financial systems are compared.