Abstract
This study investigates the phenomenon of axial deviation in saw blades used for round and hexagonal shafts, focusing on its causes, dynamics, and operational consequences. Although saw discs are mechanically resilient, they often undergo geometric deformation during operation, leading to unbalanced mass distribution across their axes of symmetry. Axial deviation, characterised by blade deflection in the horizontal or vertical plane, results in dynamic imbalance, vibration, and contact between saw discs and grates. These distortions accelerate wear of bearings, reduce the lifespan of saws and grates, increase energy consumption, and cause fibre and seed damage during processing. The research highlights the generation of centrifugal unbalanced forces of varying vectors, which induce oscillations of the saw cylinder and disrupt stable fibre engagement. The findings emphasise the importance of geometric precision and shaft design in improving saw stability, performance, and overall operational reliability.