High-performance digital systems require efficient multipliers that can provide low area, low power, and high-speed operation. Traditional multiplier designs often face trade-offs between area, speed, and power consumption, impacting overall system efficiency. This study presents a novel compact multiplier architecture leveraging multiplexer-based full adders to optimize both area and speed. By replacing conventional adders with multiplexer-based full adders, the design achieves significant area reduction without compromising computational accuracy or performance. Through simulation and analysis, the proposed design demonstrates improved delay and reduced hardware complexity compared to traditional architectures. The results indicate that the multiplexer-based full adder is an effective approach for achieving compact, high-speed multipliers suited for advanced digital systems, including signal processing and low-power applications. This work offers valuable insights into optimizing multiplier circuits and highlights the potential of multiplexer-based components in VLSI design.

The demand for high-speed and efficient multipliers is crucial in modern digital systems, especially in applications such as image processing, cryptography, and digital signal processing, where multiplication is a fundamental operation. This paper presents the design and implementation of an efficient 64-bit Vedic multiplier using the Urdhva Tiryakbhyam algorithm, one of the fastest methods derived from ancient Vedic mathematics. The proposed design leverages the parallelism inherent in Vedic multiplication techniques to significantly reduce computation time and improve processing speed. Comparisons with conventional multipliers demonstrate that the Vedic approach achieves a marked increase in performance and efficiency. Simulation results confirm that the 64-bit Vedic multiplier outperforms standard multipliers in terms of speed, resource utilization, and power consumption, making it a suitable candidate for high-performance computing applications.

This article discusses the types of critical thinking, critical thinking in the preparation of future primary school teachers, and critical thinking is the concept of objective thinking, which combines various types of human intelligence.

The article explores the primary types of ceramic refractory materials, focusing on their properties and applications in high-temperature industrial processes. Key technological advancements in refractory manufacturing are discussed, with an emphasis on enhancing material strength, chemical resistance, and durability. The analysis highlights the specific characteristics of each refractory type, including fireclay, magnesite, corundum, and silicon carbide, and their utilization across various industries such as metallurgy, energy, and glass production. Modern production and modification methods for refractories are presented, aimed at improving thermal resistance and reducing the operational costs of equipment.

The article presents an overview of the theoretical and pedagogical foundations for developing the communicative competence of future teachers. The author also analyzes the content of the special subject "Communicative competence of a teacher" for developing the communicative competence of a future teacher.

The article presents the concept and design of a modern multi-storey car parking facility, emphasizing its significance in addressing urban parking challenges. As cities continue to grow and space becomes increasingly limited, innovative solutions like multi-storey car parks offer efficient use of land while meeting the demands of a rising number of vehicles. This study explores key aspects of such projects, including architectural planning, structural integrity, and the integration of advanced technologies for user convenience and operational efficiency. The proposed design incorporates eco-friendly elements, such as energy-efficient lighting and ventilation systems, alongside smart parking solutions, including automated vehicle handling and real-time space availability indicators. The findings highlight how modern multi-storey car parks can enhance urban infrastructure, reduce congestion, and contribute to sustainable urban development. This research underscores the necessity of strategic planning and innovation in creating efficient and future-ready parking solutions.

We cannot imagine the life of society without the system of art and culture. In particular, pop and mass performances are types of art that can actively influence the culture and spirituality of our society and have powerful means of influence. Cinema, music, songs, etc. provide the viewer with spiritual nourishment. In the current era of developed technology and technology, the formal formation of a production profession that can fully use all the means and opportunities is an urgent issue. Accordingly, while reforms in the field of culture and art are developing rapidly in our republic, there is a great need to study the terms related to this field. In addition, the great changes taking place in Uzbekistan, the fundamental reforms being carried out, the development of science and technology, and close socio-economic ties with other countries are finding their linguistic expression in our language.

This article examines the late Qing period as a pivotal phase in Chinese literary history, bridging classical traditions and modern literary innovations. It explores the poetic revolution's role in transforming themes, language, and stylistic elements, alongside debates on its relationship with modern new poetry. Highlighting the socio-political and cultural context, the study argues for recognizing late Qing literature as an independent field, crucial for understanding the transition from classical to modern Chinese literature. This period’s literary evolution reflects the dynamic interplay between traditional values and external influences, contributing significantly to the trajectory of Chinese literary heritage.

Stress is a significant risk factor for the development and worsening of a number of pathological conditions and chronic diseases. For many people, emotional and other stresses interfere with normal physical functioning and disrupt psychosocial well-being. Stresses to which there is no adequate adaptation reduce the ability to self-control and also increase the risk of developing anxiety and depressive disorders, with a subsequent increase in the frequency of requests for psychological help.

Educational inclusion, regarded as a guiding philosophy, seeks to ensure that all1 children have access to education while fostering strategies that advance an inclusive society. This paper underscores the significance of inclusive pedagogy and child welfare, highlighting the role of an inclusive culture as a fundamental aspect of delivering quality educational experiences and establishing inclusive institutions. Such a culture is essential for cultivating a secure and stimulating environment where every individual is valued, serving as a foundation for the collective success of all community members. It nurtures shared inclusive values that are instilled in new staff, children, parents, guardians, and local community members. Given that inclusive culture encompasses both visible and invisible elements, as well as assumptions that may be recognized or overlooked, it plays a crucial role in facilitating participation while also addressing issues of exclusion, discrimination, and student isolation. Consequently, the exploration and enhancement of an inclusive culture within educational institutions necessitate scholarly and professional insights regarding the importance of integrating all children into the mainstream educational framework. This is an ongoing process that evolves daily within educational settings, with contributions from all individuals involved, both directly and indirectly.

This article discusses the urgent global importance of environmental protection, as it directly affects human health, nature and the economy. The article analyzes problems such as air pollution, depletion of water resources, land degradation and loss of biodiversity.