Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry provides essential medicines and contributes substantially to public health, yet its manufacturing processes may consume significant amounts of energy, water, solvents and raw materials and can generate complex waste streams. Green technologies offer a pathway to reduce these environmental burdens without compromising pharmaceutical quality, safety or efficacy. This article reviews contemporary approaches to greener pharmaceutical manufacturing, including green chemistry, solvent selection, process intensification, continuous manufacturing, renewable energy, water conservation, waste minimization, sustainable packaging and responsible management of unused medicines. Particular attention is given to the application of the principles of prevention, safer synthesis and resource efficiency throughout the pharmaceutical product life cycle. The article also considers the role of pharmacists and pharmaceutical organizations in promoting environmentally responsible practices. Implementation of green technologies requires cooperation among scientists, manufacturers, regulators and healthcare professionals, as well as appropriate economic and educational incentives. Integrating environmental considerations into pharmaceutical development can contribute to cleaner production, more efficient resource use and long-term sustainability of the healthcare system.