SCIENCEBRING   /   HAMBURG, GERMANY
Login Register
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research SCIENTIFIC IDEAS. INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES.
ISSN 2750-1396 12 issues per year · Monthly
Crossref DOI: 10.37547/ijasr
Submit Manuscript ↗

Search the Journal
Articles Published:

An Analytical Framework for Evaluating Antimicrobial Performance of Detergent and Disinfection Agents on Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Neonatal Incubation Units in Two Tertiary Hospitals in Misurata, Libya

Vol. 6 No. 07 (2026): Volume 06 Issue 07 Pages 1-10
Authors
  • Dr. Ahmad Hidayat
    Department of Internal Medicine, Jakarta Institute of Modern Medical Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
RESEARCH OVERVIEW

Abstract

Neonatal incubation units represent highly sensitive clinical environments where premature and critically ill newborns are exposed to invasive procedures and immunological vulnerability, increasing the risk of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). This study develops an analytical framework to evaluate the antimicrobial performance of detergent and disinfection agents against pathogenic bacteria isolated from neonatal incubators in two tertiary hospitals in Misurata, Libya. The research integrates microbiological surveillance, disinfectant efficacy profiling, and resistance pattern assessment to establish a structured evaluation model for infection control interventions.

Drawing upon established evidence that neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are persistent reservoirs of multidrug-resistant organisms (Haque et al., 2018; Polin & Saiman, 2003), the framework incorporates environmental sampling, microbial isolation, and susceptibility testing. Prior studies indicate that bacterial contamination in NICU environments is strongly associated with inadequate disinfection protocols and environmental persistence of pathogens (Bhatta et al., 2021; Bokulich et al., 2013). The present model expands this evidence by systematically evaluating detergent-disinfectant interactions and their bactericidal efficacy under hospital-specific conditions.

Findings from synthesized literature suggest that disinfectant performance varies significantly depending on microbial load, surface type, and resistance mechanisms (McDonnell & Russell, 1999; Sheldon, 2005). Additionally, contamination of incubator surfaces and medical equipment has been identified as a critical transmission pathway for neonatal infections (Silago et al., 2020; Reboux et al., 2023). The proposed analytical framework emphasizes standardized testing protocols, resistance mapping, and infection risk stratification.

This study contributes to infection control policy development by offering a structured model for evaluating disinfectant efficacy in NICU settings and supporting evidence-based hospital hygiene strategies.

Keywords

  • Neonatal intensive care unit
  • disinfectant efficacy
  • antimicrobial resistance
SOURCES & CITATIONS

References

1. Alharbi AS, Alharbi AS. Common bacterial isolates associated with neonatal sepsis and their antimicrobial profile: a retrospective study at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Cureus. 2022;14(1).
2. Asinobi IN, Ekwochi U, Edelu BO, Iheji CC, Onu NN, Ndu IK. Bacterial isolates of surfaces in the neonatal intensive care unit of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Parklane, Enugu, and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Niger J Med. 2021;30(2):171-175.
3. Bereket W, Hemalatha K, Getenet B, Wondwossen T, Solomon A, Zeynudin A, et al. Update on bacterial nosocomial infections. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2012;16(8).
4. Bokulich NA, Mills DA, Underwood MA. Surface microbes in the neonatal intensive care unit: changes with routine cleaning and over time. J Clin Microbiol. 2013;51(8):2617-2624.
5. Bhatta DR, Hosuru Subramanya S, Hamal D, Shrestha R, Gauchan E, Basnet S, et al. Bacterial contamination of neonatal intensive care units: How safe are the neonates? Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2021;10:1-6.
6. Cason C, D’Accolti M, Campisciano G, Soffritti I, Ponis G, Mazzacane S, et al. Microbial contamination in hospital environment has the potential to colonize preterm newborns’ nasal cavities. Pathogens. 2021;10(5):615.
7. Damiano P, Silago V, Nyawale HA, Mushi MF, Mirambo MM, Kimaro EE, et al. Efficacy of disinfectants on control and clinical bacteria strains at a zonal referral hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania: a cross-sectional hospital-based study. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):17998.
8. Ducel G, Fabry J, Nicolle L. Prevention of hospital-acquired infections: a practical guide. [Place of publication unknown]: World Health Organization; 2002.
9. Elrotob A, Almahjub N, Abudena F. Evaluation of the efficacy of some disinfectants and sterilizers on Pseudomonas bacteria isolated from the neonatal intensive care unit of Misurata Central Hospital - Libya. Arab J Sci Res. 2021;(2):11.
10. Hacımustafaoğlu M, Çelebi S, Köksal N, Kavurt S, Özkan H, Çetinkaya M, et al. Nosocomial infections in neonatology clinic and neonatal intensive care unit. Turk Arch Pediatr. 2011;46:302-307.
11. Haque M, Sartelli M, McKimm J, Bakar MA. Health care-associated infections–an overview. Infect Drug Resist. 2018;11:2321-2333.
12. Hosseini MB, Abdinia B, Ahangarzadeh Rezaee M, Abdoli Oskouie S. The study of nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care unit, a prospective study in Northwest Iran. Int J Pediatr. 2014;2(3.2):25-33.
13. McDonnell G, Russell AD. Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999;12(1):147-179.
14. Mohammed M, Mohammed A, Mirza M, Ghori S. Nosocomial infections: an overview. Int Res J Pharm. 2014;4:7-12.
15. Ndihokubwayo JB, Yahaya AA, Desta AT, Ki-Zerbo G, Odei EA, Keita B, et al. Antimicrobial resistance in the African Region: issues, challenges, and actions proposed. Afr Health Monit. 2013;16:27-30.
16. Polin RA, Saiman L. Nosocomial infections in the neonatal intensive care unit. NeoReviews. 2003;4(3):e81-e89.
17. Rasool CS, Ibrahim SM. Efficacy of disinfectant to reduce bacterial contamination with computer keyboards and mouse devices. Int J Med Rev Case Rep. 2021;5(2):75.
18. Reboux M, Chavignon M, Tristan A, Plaisant F, Laurent F, Butin M. Disinfection of incubators in neonatal intensive care units: impact of steam pulverization on bacterial colonization. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2023;12(1):18.
19. Sheldon AT. Antiseptic resistance: what do we know and what does it mean? Clin Lab Sci. 2005;18(3):181.
20. Sievert DM, Ricks P, Edwards JR, Schneider A, Patel J, Srinivasan A, et al. Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with healthcare-associated infections: summary of data reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009–2010. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2013;34(1):1-14.
21. Silago V, Kovacs D, Msanga DR, Seni J, Matthews L, Oravcová K, et al. Bacteremia in critical care units at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania: the role of colonization and contaminated cots and mothers’ hands in cross-transmission of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2020;9:1-14.
22. Wesam HA, Hanan EM, Rehab EH, Asmaa MF. Bacteria isolated from a neonatal intensive care unit at an Egyptian university hospital: antibiotic susceptibility and virulence factors. Ann Microbiol Immunol. 2019;2:1010.
DISCOVER RELATED RESEARCH

Similar Articles

Continue exploring the collection ↗
1-10 of 119