Biomimetic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Viruses: A Review of Recent Advancements

Authors

  • Dr. Chittaranjan Patra Senior Scientist, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, India
  • Dr. Mansoor Ali Syed Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia University, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37547/

Keywords:

Biomimetic Synthesis, Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs), Viruses, Viral Templates

Abstract

The demand for sustainable and eco-friendly methods for nanomaterial synthesis has spurred significant interest in biomimetic approaches. Among these, the use of viruses as templates for the controlled synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has emerged as a particularly promising area. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the biomimetic synthesis of AgNPs utilizing various viral platforms. It highlights the unique advantages offered by viruses, such as their well-defined nanostructures, self-assembly capabilities, genetic programmability, and biocompatibility, which enable precise control over the size, shape, and morphology of the synthesized AgNPs. The review discusses the mechanisms involved in virus-mediated AgNP formation, including the reduction of silver ions and subsequent nucleation and growth on the viral surface. Furthermore, it explores the diverse range of viruses employed, such as bacteriophages (e.g., M13, T7), plant viruses (e.g., Tobacco mosaic virus), and even animal viruses, and their specific contributions to templating different AgNP architectures. The review also delves into the expanding applications of these virus-templated AgNPs in fields like antimicrobial agents, biosensing, catalysis, and targeted drug delivery, owing to their enhanced monodispersity, stability, and biocompatibility. Finally, it addresses the challenges and future directions in this evolving field, including scalability, optimization of synthesis parameters, and ensuring long-term stability and in vivo efficacy for biomedical applications.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Dhaka A, Mali S, Sharma S, Rohini Trivedi R. A review on biological synthesis of Silver nanoparticles and their potential applications. Results in Chemistry. 2023;6. 101108. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2023.101108

2. Ahmad N, Malik MA, Wani AH, Bhat MY. Biogenic silver nanoparticles from fungal sources: Synthesis, characterization, and antifungal potential. Microbial Pathogenesis. 2024;193. 106742. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106742.

3. Arshad F, Naikoo GA, Hassan IU. Bioinspired and Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles for Medical Applications: A Green Perspective. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 2024;196:3636 –3669. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-023-04719-z

4. Hangyu W, Li P, Shen J, Wang H, et al. Advancements in Antiviral Drug Development: Comprehensive Insights into Design Strategies and Mechanisms Targeting Key Viral Proteins. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2024; 34(7): 1376-1384. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2403.03008

5. Mikhailova EO. Silver Nanoparticles: Mechanism of Action and Probable Bio-Application. Journal of Functional Biomaterials. 2020; 11(4): 84. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb11040084

6. Nguyen NPU, Dan NT, Doan L, Nguyen TTH. Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: From Conventional to ‘Modern’ Methods=A Review. Processes. 2023;11: 2617. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11092617

7. Jain N, Jain P, Rajput D, Patil UK. Green synthesized plant-based silver nanoparticles: therapeutic prospective for anticancer and antiviral activity. Micro and Nano Systems Letters. 2021; 9: 5. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40486-021-00131-6

8. Hema M, Vardhan GPV, Savithri HS, Murthy MRN. Emerging Trends in the Development of Plant Virus-Based Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Applications. Recent Developments in Applied Microbiology and Biochemistry. 2019; 61-82. ISBN 9780128163283. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816328-3.00006-4.

9. Venkataraman S, Apka P, Shoeb E, Badar U, Hefferon K. Plant Virus Nanoparticles for Anticancer Therapy. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 2021; 9: 642794. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.642794

10. Alfredo NR, Pierrick GJF, Danna LA, Ana GRH. Brome mosaic virus-like particles as siRNA nanocarriers for biomedical purposes. Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. 2020; 11: 372–382. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.11.28

11. Le Duc HT, Lee Karin L, Shukla S, Commandeur U. Potato virus X, a filamentous plant viral nanoparticle for doxorubicin delivery in cancer therapy. Nanoscale. 2017; 9: 2348-2357. Available from:https://doi.org/10.1039/c6nr09099k

12. Scibilia S, Germana L, Enza F, Domenico F. Self-assembly of silver nanoparticles and bacteriophage. Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research 2016; 7: 46-152. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbsr.2016.02.002

13. Kakakhel IA, Sajjad W, Wu F, Bibi N. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their shortcomings, animal blood a potential source for silver nanoparticles: A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances. 2021; 1: 100005. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazadv.2021.100005.

14. Jeevanandam J, Krishnan S, Hii Y S. Synthesis approach-dependent antiviral properties of silver nanoparticles and nanocomposites. Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry. 2022; 12: 809-831. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40097-021-00465-y

15. Lara HH, Garza-Treviño EN, Ixtepan-Turrent L, et al. Silver nanoparticles are broad-spectrum bactericidal and virucidal compounds. Journal of Nanobiotechnology. 2011; 9: 30. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-3155-9-30

Downloads

Published

2025-06-02

How to Cite

Biomimetic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Viruses: A Review of Recent Advancements. (2025). International Journal of Advance Scientific Research, 5(06), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.37547/

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.